40 research outputs found
Turbulent convection in protoplanetary discs and its role in angular momentum transfer
We present a model for the transport of anisotropic turbulence in an
accretion disc. The model uses the Reynolds stress tensor approach in the mean
field approximation. To study the role of convection in a protoplanetary disc,
we combine the turbulence model with a radiative transfer calculation, and also
include convection using the mixing length approximation. We find that the
turbulence generated by convection causes the angular momentum of the accretion
disc to be directed outwards. We also confirm the conclusions of other authors
that turbulent convection is unable to provide the observed disc accretion
rates as well as a heat source sufficient for the convection to be
self-sustaining. The reasons for the latter are the strong anisotropy of the
turbulence together with the low efficiency of the energy transfer from the
background velocity shear to the turbulent stress tensor.Comment: MNRAS accepted | 15 pages, 8 figure
Simulation of Thermal Surface Waves in a Protoplanetary Disk in a Two-Dimensional Approximation
Theoretical models predict that the obscuration of stellar radiation by
irregularities on the surface of a protoplanetary disk can cause
self-generating waves traveling towards the star. However, this process is
traditionally simulated using the 1+1D approach, the key approximations of
which - vertical hydrostatic equilibrium of the disk and vertical diffusion of
IR radiation - can distort the picture. This article presents a two-dimensional
radiative hydrodynamic model of the evolution of an axially symmetric gas and
dust disk. Within this model, but using simplified assumptions from 1+1D
models, we have reproduced the spontaneous generation and propagation of
thermal surface waves. The key conclusion of our work is that taking into
account two-dimensional hydrodynamics and diffusion of IR radiation suppresses
the spontaneous generation and development of thermal waves observed in the
1+1D approximation. The search for the possibility of the existence of surface
thermal waves should be continued by studying the problem for various
parameters of protoplanetary disks.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy Reports (2022
Modeling of Protostellar Clouds and their Observational Properties
A physical model and two-dimensional numerical method for computing the
evolution and spectra of protostellar clouds are described. The physical model
is based on a system of magneto-gasdynamical equations, including ohmic and
ambipolar diffusion, and a scheme for calculating the thermal and ionization
structure of a cloud. The dust and gas temperatures are determined during the
calculations of the thermal structure of the cloud. The results of computing
the dynamical and thermal structure of the cloud are used to model the
radiative transfer in continuum and in molecular lines. We presented the
results for clouds in hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium. The evolution of a
rotating magnetic protostellar cloud starting from a quasi-static state is also
considered. Spectral maps for optically thick lines of linear molecules are
analyzed. We have shown that the influence of the magnetic field and rotation
can lead to a redistribution of angular momentum in the cloud and the formation
of a characteristic rotational velocity structure. As a result, the
distribution of the velocity centroid of the molecular lines can acquire an
hourglass shape. We plan to use the developed program package together with a
model for the chemical evolution to interpret and model observed starless and
protostellar cores.Comment: Accepted to Astronomy Report
Molecular Emission Line Formation in Prestellar Cores
We investigate general aspects of molecular line formation under conditions
which are typical of prestellar cores. Focusing on simple linear molecules, we
study formation of their rotational lines by radiative transfer simulations. We
present a thermalization diagram to show the effects of collisions and
radiation on the level excitation. We construct a detailed scheme (contribution
chart) to illustrate the formation of emission line profiles. This chart can be
used as an efficient tool to identify which parts of the cloud contribute to a
specific line profile. We show how molecular line characteristics for uniform
model clouds depend on hydrogen density, molecular column density, and kinetic
temperature. The results are presented in a 2D plane to illustrate cooperative
effects of the physical factors. We also use a core model with a non-uniform
density distribution and chemical stratification to study the effects of cloud
contraction and rotation on spectral line maps. We discuss the main issues that
should be taken into account when dealing with interpretation and simulation of
observed molecular lines.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap